Gullible Jones wrote:Got a copy of that on a bookshelf somewhere. Never read it, only know a vague plot outline. Interested in why you think it embodies Fascist concepts?
Well (spoilers, BTW), the book is fascist on two levels: at the metaphysical level, and at the content level.
When I say that the book is based in fascist metaphysics, I mean that the world of the story itself presupposes that the assumptions of fascism are true. I could just as well say that the book is based in Freudian metaphysics in that, for the world of the story, Freudian psychology is literally and categorically correct. That
is the truth. It's the same with fascism; in the world of the story, the things that fascism says are true of the world are literally and categorically correct.
For example, it's flat-out stated that the bad guy is a Nietzschean over-man who, by his superior nature, is a "focal point" of history and civilization that can bend humanity to his will. By his very being and his vigorous actions. It isn't that he
thinks he can do this, it's that
he absolutely can do this, if he isn't stopped.
But it's not just that - even the good guys swallow the fascist assumptions about reality whole.
First, they accept that this bad guy is an Übermensch.
Second, they (being telepaths) are themselves a cabal of Übermenschen who control society behind the scenes in order to bend it to their will. Their natural superiority allows them to do so (telepathy) and their natural superiority allows them to have their own superior ethics (they're in the right, and are right to force society to do what they want - in this case, they want to carry out a eugenics program that results in all humans being telepaths). Individuals are not considered; only the good of society is.
And the good guys don't see it! Which says to me that
Bester didn't see it! The fascist assumptions are baked right into the metaphysics, and they never cotton on! They call
other groups in the story "fascist," but they never see it in their own worldview!
Of course, you see this through the thoughts and actions of the characters, which is the second way that the book is terribly fascist - the content of the thing.
The place this is most evident is right at the end, after they capture that bad guy. They punish him through "Demolition." That is the erasure of the individual psyche and the reprogramming of the individual's mind to serve the interests of society, as determined by... well, it's not said. But since the decision is made by the secret cabal of telepaths, I think I know who's calling the shots. And when they're discussing this Demolition, they talk about (in what appears to be an author's message) how silly it was that in the past they executed criminals. Much better to take these people, who are obviously superior since they had the fortitude to defy society's common morality and laws (created by dullards), and tear out their minds to instead create a vigorous Übermensch who acts
for society instead of against! Why, if you kill all these superior specimens, eventually humanity is only left with the "sheep." Hell, maybe that's why they did it - back then, they only wanted sheep, not supermen.
So... holy shit, right? Nietzschean fascist (though I repeat myself) eugenics. And the author couldn't even
see it.
Frankly, a lot of these mid-20th century science fiction novels are dripping with fascism, and I have no idea why. Was all of society like this, or just SF? Because... wow.
Oh, also, there's some
really uncomfortable iffy sexual stuff in the novel, but it was originally published in 1953, so I guess you expect that.
And yet... I actually liked the book. I'm of the opinion that you can like problematic things, so long as you recognize and examine those problems. Which this book has in spades.