We're known for having large reserves of heavy, hard to refine oil. Turns out that not only our heavy oil is hard to refine, our much smaller light oil reserves are not easy to tap either. Take a look a this:
Oil's dark secretPartly because of geology and partly because of their age, Venezuela's fields require a lot of maintenance. The oil they produce is more viscous and acidic than the norm, and so harder to handle. Less than a tenth of the fields simply spout oil thanks to the natural pressure of the reservoir. Keeping the remainder flowing requires constant injections of water or gas. Even so, their output declines at roughly twice the pace of oilfields in the North Sea. Venezuela has to add 400,000 b/d of new annual production capacity just to keep output stable, according to Mazhar al-Shereidah, an academic.
And regarding our former most important export:Built with slave labor, the industry here became the mainstay of Venezuela’s colonial economy. For centuries, the nation was the world’s top producer. European monarchs sipped concoctions made from Venezuelan cacao.
Then, in the 20th century, there was oil. Dictators came and went. Venezuela, despite its vast fertile lands, became a net food importer. The legendary strongman Juan Vicente Gómez seized cacao plantations in this forest and made them part of his personal empire.
Bureaucrats later assembled a monopoly over the industry, eroding incentives to produce high-quality cacao. Yields plunged. Still, cacao cultivation survived, attracting growers obsessive enough to weather policies bedeviling exports of anything but petroleum.
Venezuela is widely known as a difficult place to do business. But the peculiar resilience of the conflict-ridden cacao trade is evident from a ride on a fisherman’s skiff to Chuao, an isolated forest village founded in the 16th century that knows a thing or two about the cycles of Venezuelan history.
Chuao’s cacao hacienda was first expropriated from the Roman Catholic Church in the 1820s by Simón Bolívar, the region’s liberation hero, and given to a university. Then one dictator seized it, then another and so on, until a civilian government handed control to a worker cooperative a few decades ago.
Since then, its yields have languished, even though the cooperative employs perhaps triple the number it would if it were owned by a private company. The members of the cooperative are poorly paid, earning about $3 a day. One sun-drenched day in July, some members sprawled in the shade near the church patio where cacao has been dried for centuries, taking a nap.
But those same workers produce what some consider the world’s best cacao. The key, agronomists contend, lies in their adherence to methods used for generations.
One cooperative member, Clemencia Bacalao, 49, smiled into the sun when asked what Chuao would be like decades from now when the oil age finally dims in Venezuela. “We’ll be doing what we’ve always done,” she said. “We’ll be relying on cacao for our survival.”
Great. All the stuff we produce that could generate enough income to keep this country afloat, requires a lot of effort, supposedly more effort than in other parts of the world. The statements: "The World's Largest Oil Reserves" and "The World's best Cocoa" have major, MAJOR asterisks with disclaimers. You'd think that would have fostered a culture of people who were good problem solvers, who could not only find alternative solutions when the proper one simply was not possible (in a twisted way it has) and who could think ahead and be able to foresee problems and solve them before they became a major issue. In reality it has fostered a culture of extremely high tolerance to incompetence and inefficiency. Why? if you ask me, because our elites (no matter where they were born, nor their ideology) really never gave a damn. And, it has happened probably since the days of the nomadic tribes that lived here before the Spaniards came (notice how we never had any major urban native culture like the Mexicans had the Aztecs, the Centro-Americans had the Mayans and the Olmecs and further down south, the Peruvians had the Incas?). In my opinion, our culture systematically stifles and alienates anyone with such skills. So it really doesn't matter who comes after Nicky Ripe, this country will be a basket case till the Brazilians decide to flex their muscles (which BTW, at the rate they're going, it's going to be a long while). Then it will simply a part of Brazil.
Edited to fix dumb mistake.